Lansia Sebagai Populasi Rentan Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19: Scoping Review

Abstract

Abstract
Elderly are a vulnerable society in term of COVID-19. This is related to decrease immunity and comorbid diseases suffered by the elderly. The mortality rates of elderly suffered COVID-19 was high worldwide, including Indonesia. This study aimed to describe the vulnerability of the elderly and their relationship to COVID-19. The study applied a scoping review. The articles were searched in PubMed database. The keywords used are elderly, aged, older people and covid19, corona virus disease, SARS-Cov19 and selected in full text. As the results, there were 22,939 articles found but the author only took 7 articles according to the study context. The results show that the average age of the elderly who were affected by COVID-19 was 72.43 with a standard deviation of 4.1. Women were more affected by as many as 241 respondents (56.97%). The elderly are a vulnerable group due to decreased immunity and degenerative processes. Immunization for the elderly can be given as a preventive intervention. The elderly are vulnerable population of various diseases, including covid-19. A weakened immune system coupled with chronic disease can increase the risk of COVID-19 in the elderly. Due to the degeneration process among elderly, it is high risk of COVID-19 infection that causes severe disorders, even death among them.
Keywords: COVID-19, Elderly, Immunity, Vaccination

Abstrak
Lanjut usia (lansia) merupakan kelompok rentan terserang COVID-19. Hal tersebut terkait dengan penurunan daya tahan tubuh dan penyakit komorbid yang diderita lansia. Data mortalitas akibat COVID-19 pada lansia masih tinggi hampir di semua Negara, termasuk Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kerentanan lansia dan hubungannya dengan COVID-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah scoping review, dengan pencarian artikel menggunakan database PubMed. Kata kunci yang digunakan adalah elderly, aged, older people and covid19, corona virus disease, SARS-Cov19 dan dipilih secara full text. Pada penelitian artikel didapatkan 22.939 artikel namun penulis hanya mengambil 7 artikel sesuai dengan konteks penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil scoping review dari 7 artikel mengenai lansia dan covid-19 didapatkan bahwa rata-rata usia lansia yang terserang COVID-19 adalah 72.43 dengan standard deviasi 4.1. Perempuan lebih banyak terserang yaitu sebanyak 241 responden (56.97%). Lansia merupakan kelompok rentan karena penurunan imunitas dan proses degenerative. Imunisasi bagi lansia dapat diberikan sebagai upaya pencegahan. Lansia rentan terserang berbagai penyakit, termasuk COVID-19. Sistem imun yang melemah ditambah adanya penyakit kronis dapat meningkatkan risiko covid-19 pada lansia. Dengan terjadinya proses degenerasi pada lansia, hal tersebut mendukung risiko terjadinya infeksi COVID-19 yang menimbulkan gangguan yang parah, bahkan kematian pada lansia.
Kata kunci: Lansia, Covid-19.